Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse (CPEN) Practice Exam

Which type of fluids can be administered via intraosseous access in pediatric patients?

1. Normal Saline or Dextrose

2. Normal Saline or Lactated Ringers

3. Lactated Ringers or Colloids

4. D5W or Normal Saline

The correct answer is: Normal Saline or Lactated Ringers

In pediatric emergency care, intraosseous (IO) access is a critical intervention used when intravenous (IV) access is challenging or time-consuming. Understanding the types of fluids that can be safely administered through this route is essential for effective treatment. Normal Saline and Lactated Ringer’s solution are isotonic fluids that are well-suited for intraosseous administration. Normal Saline is a common crystalloid solution, primarily composed of sodium and chloride, which can help restore fluid volume and maintain hydration in pediatric patients experiencing shock or dehydration. Lactated Ringer’s is another crystalloid solution that includes electrolytes and lactate, which can be beneficial in various clinical scenarios, including resuscitation and fluid replacement. These fluids are effective in managing fluid resuscitation in emergencies, as they closely resemble the body’s extracellular fluid composition, making them safe for IO use. Moreover, the osmolarity and pH of both solutions are acceptable for administration through bone marrow, preventing potential complications that can arise from using inappropriate fluid types. In contrast, while Dextrose and colloids can be beneficial in certain scenarios, they may not be recommended for routine or emergency use in the intraosseous route, particularly in pediatric patients. Dextrose solutions can lead