Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse (CPEN) Practice Exam 2026 - Free CPEN Practice Questions and Study Guide

Dry mucous membranes are a definitive sign of decreased hydration in a child. When a child becomes dehydrated, the body loses fluids, which affects the hydration status of various tissues, including the mucous membranes lining the mouth and respiratory tract. Healthy mucous membranes appear moist and smooth; however, in cases of dehydration, these membranes become dry, sticky, and less able to retain moisture.

Increased urinary output typically indicates good hydration, as the body is effectively eliminating excess fluids. Elevated blood pressure is generally not associated with dehydration; in fact, dehydration might cause a drop in blood pressure due to reduced blood volume. Finally, while reduced appetite can sometimes be seen in ill or dehydrated children, it is not as specific or direct a sign of decreased hydration compared to observing dry mucous membranes, which clearly signals a lack of adequate fluid intake.