Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse (CPEN) Practice Exam

Which of the following conditions is characterized by rapid onset of edema of the epiglottis?

1. Asthma

2. Croup

3. Epiglottitis

4. Pneumonia

The correct answer is: Epiglottitis

The correct answer is characterized by a rapid onset of edema of the epiglottis, which is a hallmark sign of epiglottitis. This condition involves inflammation of the epiglottis, which can obstruct the airway and is often caused by bacterial infections, most commonly Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in children. In cases of epiglottitis, patients may present with symptoms such as difficulty breathing, drooling due to inability to swallow, high fever, and a preference for leaning forward in a tripod position to facilitate breathing. The swelling can develop quickly, putting the airway at significant risk and necessitating immediate medical attention. Other conditions listed differ in their presentation or etiology. Asthma primarily involves bronchoconstriction and inflammation but does not typically cause swelling of the epiglottis. Croup, while it does involve respiratory distress due to upper airway obstruction, is usually characterized more by subglottic edema and a "barking" cough rather than isolated epiglottic swelling. Pneumonia primarily affects the lung parenchyma and is not directly associated with epiglottis inflammation.