Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse (CPEN) Practice Exam

What is the primary focus of management in a child with pneumonia?

1. Oxygen therapy

2. Fluid restriction

3. Bronchodilator administration

4. Monitoring aerobic exercise tolerance

The correct answer is: Oxygen therapy

In managing a child with pneumonia, the primary focus is on ensuring adequate oxygenation, which is why oxygen therapy is essential. Pneumonia can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs, which can lead to decreased oxygen exchange and hypoxia. Administering supplemental oxygen helps to maintain adequate oxygen saturation levels, alleviating respiratory distress and supporting effective gas exchange. While fluid management is important, restricting fluids can be counterproductive in pneumonia cases, especially if the child is dehydrated or has fever. Instead, appropriate hydration is crucial to help thin secretions and facilitate expectoration. Bronchodilators may be indicated in cases where bronchospasm is present, but they are not a primary treatment for pneumonia itself, which is primarily caused by infectious agents affecting the lung parenchyma. Monitoring aerobic exercise tolerance can provide insights into the child's recovery and overall respiratory function; however, it is not a primary focus of initial management. The priority in pneumonia management remains securing the child's oxygenation to ensure adequate perfusion and reduce the risk of complications.