Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse (CPEN) Practice Exam

During an airway assessment, what indicates that a patient's airway is obstructed?

1. The patient is alert with normal breathing

2. The patient is showing signs of distress

3. The patient has secretions and is unconscious

4. The patient is speaking clearly

The correct answer is: The patient has secretions and is unconscious

An obstructed airway assessment typically reveals certain clinical signs and symptoms that indicate the presence of a blockage. When a patient is unconscious and has secretions, these factors are significant indicators of an obstructed airway. Unconsciousness can prevent the protective reflexes that typically help maintain airway patency, and the presence of secretions can contribute to blockage, preventing airflow. In the context of airway management, it is crucial to identify these signs promptly, as they pose a risk of inadequate ventilation and oxygenation. Addressing the obstruction, potentially through suctioning or other airway management techniques, is essential to restore airway safety and ensure the patient can breathe adequately. The other options reflect scenarios where the airway is more likely to be patent or open. For instance, an alert patient with normal breathing or the ability to speak clearly demonstrates that their airway is clear, as these circumstances indicate effective airflow. Signs of distress can occur for many reasons and may not solely indicate an obstruction; hence, additional evaluation would be needed.