Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse (CPEN) Practice Exam 2025 - Free CPEN Practice Questions and Study Guide

Swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing, and hives are hallmark signs of anaphylaxis in pediatric patients. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rapidly and requires immediate medical attention. The swelling, which often affects the face and throat, is due to the release of histamine and other chemicals in response to allergens, leading to angioedema. Difficulty in breathing arises from airway constriction and bronchospasm, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. Hives, or urticaria, are a common skin manifestation of an allergic reaction, characterized by raised, itchy welts on the body.

While persistent cough and wheezing can occur during anaphylaxis, they are not as definitive as the combination of swelling, breathing difficulties, and hives. Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of an allergic reaction, but they are not specific indicators of anaphylaxis. Similarly, chest pain and palpitations may occur in various conditions, including anxiety or respiratory distress, but they do not specifically characterize anaphylaxis. Understanding these key signs allows for quicker recognition and response to a pediatric patient experiencing this critical condition.